httpexpect

Concise, declarative, and easy to use end-to-end HTTP and REST API testing for Go (golang).

Basically, httpexpect is a set of chainable builders for HTTP requests and assertions for HTTP responses and payload, on top of net/http and several utility packages.

Workflow:

• Incrementally build HTTP requests.

• Inspect HTTP responses.

• Inspect response payload recursively.

Features

Request builder

• URL path construction, with simple string interpolation provided by go-interpol package.

• URL query parameters (encoding using go-querystring package).

• Headers, cookies, payload: JSON, urlencoded or multipart forms (encoding using form package), plain text.

• Custom reusable request builders and request transformers.

Response assertions

• Response status, predefined status ranges.

• Headers, cookies, payload: JSON, JSONP, forms, text.

• Round-trip time.

• Custom reusable response matchers.

Payload assertions

• Type-specific assertions, supported types: object, array, string, number, boolean, null, datetime, duration, cookie.

• Regular expressions.

• Simple JSON queries (using subset of JSONPath), provided by jsonpath package.

• JSON Schema validation, provided by gojsonschema package.

WebSocket support (thanks to @tyranron)

• Upgrade an HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection (we use gorilla/websocket internally).

• Interact with the WebSocket server.

• Inspect WebSocket connection parameters and WebSocket messages.

Pretty printing

• Verbose error messages.

• JSON diff is produced on failure using gojsondiff package.

• Failures are reported using testify (assert or require package) or standard testing package.

• JSON values are pretty-printed using encoding/json, Go values are pretty-printed using litter.

• Dumping requests and responses in various formats, using httputil, http2curl, or simple compact logger.

• Printing stacktrace on failure in verbose or compact format.

• Color support using fatih/color.

Tuning

• Tests can communicate with server via real HTTP client or invoke net/http or fasthttp handler directly.

• User can provide custom HTTP client, WebSocket dialer, HTTP request factory (e.g. from the Google App Engine testing).

• User can configure redirect and retry policies and timeouts.

• User can configure formatting options (what parts to display, how to format numbers, etc.) or provide custom templates based on text/template engine.

• Custom handlers may be provided for logging, printing requests and responses, handling succeeded and failed assertions.

Versioning

The versions are selected according to the semantic versioning scheme. Every new major version gets its own stable branch with a backwards compatibility promise. Releases are tagged from stable branches.

Changelog file can be found here: changelog.

The current stable branch is v2:

import "github.com/gavv/httpexpect/v2"

Documentation

Documentation is available on pkg.go.dev. It contains an overview and reference.

Community

Community forum and Q&A board is right on GitHub in discussions tab.

For more interactive discussion, you can join discord chat.

Contributing

Feel free to report bugs, suggest improvements, and send pull requests! Please add documentation and tests for new features.

This project highly depends on contributors. Thank you all for your amazing work!

If you would like to submit code, see HACKING.md.

Donating

If you would like to support my open-source work, you can do it here:

• Liberapay

• PayPal

Thanks!

Examples

See _examples directory for complete standalone examples.

• fruits_test.go

  Testing a simple CRUD server made with bare net/http.

• iris_test.go

  Testing a server made with iris framework. Example includes JSON queries and validation, URL and form parameters, basic auth, sessions, and streaming. Tests invoke the http.Handler directly.

• echo_test.go

  Testing a server with JWT authentication made with echo framework. Tests use either HTTP client or invoke the http.Handler directly.

• gin_test.go

  Testing a server utilizing the gin web framework. Tests invoke the http.Handler directly.

• fasthttp_test.go

  Testing a server made with fasthttp package. Tests invoke the fasthttp.RequestHandler directly.

• websocket_test.go

  Testing a WebSocket server based on gorilla/websocket. Tests invoke the http.Handler or fasthttp.RequestHandler directly.

• tls_test.go

  Testing a TLS server made with net/http and crypto/tls

• oauth2_test.go

  Testing a OAuth2 server with oauth2.

• gae_test.go

  Testing a server running under the Google App Engine.

• formatter_test.go

  Testing with custom formatter for assertion messages.

Quick start

Hello, world!

package example

import (
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"testing"

	"github.com/gavv/httpexpect/v2"
)

func TestFruits(t *testing.T) {
	// create http.Handler
	handler := FruitsHandler()

	// run server using httptest
	server := httptest.NewServer(handler)
	defer server.Close()

	// create httpexpect instance
	e := httpexpect.Default(t, server.URL)

	// is it working?
	e.GET("/fruits").
		Expect().
		Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Array().IsEmpty()
}

JSON

orange := map[string]interface{}{
	"weight": 100,
}

e.PUT("/fruits/orange").WithJSON(orange).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusNoContent).NoContent()

e.GET("/fruits/orange").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).
	JSON().Object().ContainsKey("weight").HasValue("weight", 100)

apple := map[string]interface{}{
	"colors": []interface{}{"green", "red"},
	"weight": 200,
}

e.PUT("/fruits/apple").WithJSON(apple).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusNoContent).NoContent()

obj := e.GET("/fruits/apple").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Object()

obj.Keys().ContainsOnly("colors", "weight")

obj.Value("colors").Array().ConsistsOf("green", "red")
obj.Value("colors").Array().Value(0).String().IsEqual("green")
obj.Value("colors").Array().Value(1).String().IsEqual("red")
obj.Value("colors").Array().First().String().IsEqual("green")
obj.Value("colors").Array().Last().String().IsEqual("red")

JSON Schema and JSON Path

schema := `{
	"type": "array",
	"items": {
		"type": "object",
		"properties": {
			...
			"private": {
				"type": "boolean"
			}
		}
	}
}`

repos := e.GET("/repos/octocat").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).JSON()

// validate JSON schema
repos.Schema(schema)

// run JSONPath query and iterate results
for _, private := range repos.Path("$..private").Array().Iter() {
	private.Boolean().IsFalse()
}

JSON decoding

type User struct {
	Name   string `json:"name"`
	Age    int    `json:"age"`
	Gender string `json:"gender"`
}

var user User
e.GET("/user").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).
	JSON().
	Decode(&user)
	
if user.Name != "octocat" {
	t.Fail()
}

Forms

// post form encoded from struct or map
e.POST("/form").WithForm(structOrMap).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// set individual fields
e.POST("/form").WithFormField("foo", "hello").WithFormField("bar", 123).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// multipart form
e.POST("/form").WithMultipart().
	WithFile("avatar", "./john.png").WithFormField("username", "john").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

URL construction

// construct path using ordered parameters
e.GET("/repos/{user}/{repo}", "octocat", "hello-world").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// construct path using named parameters
e.GET("/repos/{user}/{repo}").
	WithPath("user", "octocat").WithPath("repo", "hello-world").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// set query parameters
e.GET("/repos/{user}", "octocat").WithQuery("sort", "asc").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)    // "/repos/octocat?sort=asc"

Headers

// set If-Match
e.POST("/users/john").WithHeader("If-Match", etag).WithJSON(john).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// check ETag
e.GET("/users/john").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).Header("ETag").NotEmpty()

// check Date
t := time.Now()

e.GET("/users/john").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).Header("Date").AsDateTime().InRange(t, time.Now())

Cookies

// set cookie
t := time.Now()

e.POST("/users/john").WithCookie("session", sessionID).WithJSON(john).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// check cookies
c := e.GET("/users/john").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).Cookie("session")

c.Value().IsEqual(sessionID)
c.Domain().IsEqual("example.com")
c.Path().IsEqual("/")
c.Expires().InRange(t, t.Add(time.Hour * 24))

Regular expressions

// simple match
e.GET("/users/john").
	Expect().
	Header("Location").
	Match("http://(.+)/users/(.+)").Values("example.com", "john")

// check capture groups by index or name
m := e.GET("/users/john").
	Expect().
	Header("Location").Match("http://(?P<host>.+)/users/(?P<user>.+)")

m.Submatch(0).IsEqual("http://example.com/users/john")
m.Submatch(1).IsEqual("example.com")
m.Submatch(2).IsEqual("john")

m.NamedSubmatch("host").IsEqual("example.com")
m.NamedSubmatch("user").IsEqual("john")

Redirection support

e.POST("/path").
	WithRedirectPolicy(httpexpect.FollowAllRedirects).
	WithMaxRedirects(5).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

e.POST("/path").
	WithRedirectPolicy(httpexpect.DontFollowRedirects).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusPermanentRedirect)

Retry support

// default retry policy
e.POST("/path").
	WithMaxRetries(5).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// custom built-in retry policy
e.POST("/path").
	WithMaxRetries(5).
	WithRetryPolicy(httpexpect.RetryAllErrors).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// custom retry delays
e.POST("/path").
	WithMaxRetries(5).
	WithRetryDelay(time.Second, time.Minute).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// custom user-defined retry policy
e.POST("/path").
	WithMaxRetries(5).
	WithRetryPolicyFunc(func(resp *http.Response, err error) bool {
		return resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTeapot
	}).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

Subdomains and per-request URL

e.GET("/path").WithURL("http://example.com").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

e.GET("/path").WithURL("http://subdomain.example.com").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

WebSocket support

ws := e.GET("/mysocket").WithWebsocketUpgrade().
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusSwitchingProtocols).
	Websocket()
defer ws.Disconnect()

ws.WriteText("some request").
	Expect().
	TextMessage().Body().IsEqual("some response")

ws.CloseWithText("bye").
	Expect().
	CloseMessage().NoContent()

Reusable builders

e := httpexpect.Default(t, "http://example.com")

r := e.POST("/login").WithForm(Login{"ford", "betelgeuse7"}).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Object()

token := r.Value("token").String().Raw()

auth := e.Builder(func (req *httpexpect.Request) {
	req.WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
})

auth.GET("/restricted").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

e.GET("/restricted").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusUnauthorized)

Reusable matchers

e := httpexpect.Default(t, "http://example.com")

// every response should have this header
m := e.Matcher(func (resp *httpexpect.Response) {
	resp.Header("API-Version").NotEmpty()
})

m.GET("/some-path").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

m.GET("/bad-path").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusNotFound)

Request transformers

e := httpexpect.Default(t, "http://example.com")

myTranform := func(r* http.Request) {
	// modify the underlying http.Request
}

// apply transformer to a single request
e.POST("/some-path").
	WithTransformer(myTranform).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// create a builder that applies transfromer to every request
myBuilder := e.Builder(func (req *httpexpect.Request) {
	req.WithTransformer(myTranform)
})

myBuilder.POST("/some-path").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

Shared environment

e := httpexpect.Default(t, "http://example.com")

t.Run("/users", func(t *testing.T) {
	obj := e.GET("/users").
		Expect().
		Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Object()

	// store user id for next tests
	userID := obj.Path("$.users[1].id").String().Raw()
	e.Env().Put("user1.id", userID)
})

t.Run("/user/{userId}", func(t *testing.T) {
	// read user id from previous tests
	userID := e.Env().GetString("user1.id")

	e.GET("/user/{userId}").
		WithPath("userId", userID)
		Expect().
		Status(http.StatusOK)
})

Custom config

e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	// include test name in failures (optional)
	TestName: t.Name(),

	// prepend this url to all requests
	BaseURL: "http://example.com",

	// use http.Client with a cookie jar and timeout
	Client: &http.Client{
		Jar:     httpexpect.NewCookieJar(),
		Timeout: time.Second * 30,
	},

	// use fatal failures
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewRequireReporter(t),

	// print all requests and responses
	Printers: []httpexpect.Printer{
		httpexpect.NewDebugPrinter(t, true),
	},
})

Use HTTP handler directly

// invoke http.Handler directly using httpexpect.Binder
var handler http.Handler = myHandler()

e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	// prepend this url to all requests, required for cookies
	// to be handled correctly
	BaseURL: "http://example.com",
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Transport: httpexpect.NewBinder(handler),
		Jar:       httpexpect.NewCookieJar(),
	},
})

// invoke fasthttp.RequestHandler directly using httpexpect.FastBinder
var handler fasthttp.RequestHandler = myHandler()

e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	// prepend this url to all requests, required for cookies
	// to be handled correctly
	BaseURL: "http://example.com",
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Transport: httpexpect.NewFastBinder(handler),
		Jar:       httpexpect.NewCookieJar(),
	},
})

Per-request client or handler

e := httpexpect.Default(t, server.URL)

client := &http.Client{
	Transport: &http.Transport{
		DisableCompression: true,
	},
}

// overwrite client
e.GET("/path").WithClient(client).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// construct client that invokes a handler directly and overwrite client
e.GET("/path").WithHandler(handler).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

WebSocket dialer

// invoke http.Handler directly using websocket.Dialer
var handler http.Handler = myHandler()

e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	BaseURL:         "http://example.com",
	Reporter:        httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	WebsocketDialer: httpexpect.NewWebsocketDialer(handler),
})

// invoke fasthttp.RequestHandler directly using websocket.Dialer
var handler fasthttp.RequestHandler = myHandler()

e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	BaseURL:         "http://example.com",
	Reporter:        httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	WebsocketDialer: httpexpect.NewFastWebsocketDialer(handler),
})

Session support

// cookie jar is used to store cookies from server
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Jar: httpexpect.NewCookieJar(), // used by default if Client is nil
	},
})

// cookies are disabled
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Jar: nil,
	},
})

TLS support

// use TLS with http.Transport
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Transport: &http.Transport{
			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
				// accept any certificate; for testing only!
				InsecureSkipVerify: true,
			},
		},
	},
})

// use TLS with http.Handler
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Transport: &httpexpect.Binder{
			Handler: myHandler,
			TLS:     &tls.ConnectionState{},
		},
	},
})

Proxy support

e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Client: &http.Client{
		Transport: &http.Transport{
			Proxy: http.ProxyURL("http://proxy.example.com"),
		},
	},
})

Global timeout/cancellation

handler := FruitsHandler()

server := httptest.NewServer(handler)
defer server.Close()

ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

e := WithConfig(Config{
	BaseURL:  server.URL,
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Context:  ctx,
})

go func() {
	time.Sleep(time.Duration(5)*time.Second)
	cancel()
}()

e.GET("/fruits").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

Per-request timeout/cancellation

// per-request context
e.GET("/fruits").
	WithContext(context.TODO()).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// per-request timeout
e.GET("/fruits").
	WithTimeout(time.Duration(5)*time.Second).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

// timeout combined with retries (timeout applies to each try)
e.POST("/fruits").
	WithMaxRetries(5).
	WithTimeout(time.Duration(10)*time.Second).
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK)

Choosing failure reporter

// default reporter, uses testify/assert
// failures don't terminate test immediately, but mark test as failed
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
})

// uses testify/require
// failures terminate test immediately
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewRequireReporter(t),
})

// if you're using bare testing.T without testify
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: t,
})

// if you're using bare testing.T and want failures to terminate test immediately
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewFatalReporter(t),
})

// if you want fatal failures triggered from other goroutines
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewPanicReporter(t),
})

Assigning names to requests

// when the tests fails, assertion message will mention request name:
//   request name: Get Fruits
e.GET("/fruits").
    WithName("Get Fruits")
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Array().IsEmpty()

Assigning aliases to values

// when the tests fails, assertion path in the failure message is:
//   assertion: Request("GET").Expect().JSON().Array().IsEmpty()
e.GET("/fruits").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Array().IsEmpty()

// assign alias "fruits" to the Array variable
fruits := e.GET("/fruits").
	Expect().
	Status(http.StatusOK).JSON().Array().Alias("fruits")

// assertion path in the failure message is now:
//   assertion: fruits.IsEmpty()
fruits.IsEmpty()

Printing requests and responses

// print requests in short form, don't print responses
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Printers: []httpexpect.Printer{
		httpexpect.NewCompactPrinter(t),
	},
})

// print requests as curl commands that can be inserted into terminal
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Printers: []httpexpect.Printer{
		httpexpect.NewCurlPrinter(t),
	},
})

// print requests and responses in verbose form
// also print all incoming and outgoing websocket messages
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter: httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Printers: []httpexpect.Printer{
		httpexpect.NewDebugPrinter(t, true),
	},
})

Customize failure formatting

// change formatting options
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter:  httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Formatter: &httpexpect.DefaultFormatter{
		DisablePaths: true,
		DisableDiffs: true,
		FloatFormat:  httpexpect.FloatFormatScientific,
		ColorMode:    httpexpect.ColorModeNever,
		LineWidth:    80,
	},
})

// provide custom templates
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter:  httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Formatter: &httpexpect.DefaultFormatter{
		SuccessTemplate: "...",
		FailureTemplate: "...",
		TemplateFuncs:   template.FuncMap{ ... },
	},
})

// provide custom formatter
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	Reporter:  httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
	Formatter: &MyFormatter{},
})

Customize assertion handling

// enable printing of succeeded assertions
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	AssertionHandler: &httpexpect.DefaultAssertionHandler{
		Formatter: &httpexpect.DefaultFormatter{},
		Reporter:  httpexpect.NewAssertReporter(t),
		Logger:    t, // specify logger to enable printing of succeeded assertions
	},
})

// provide custom assertion handler
// here you can implement custom handling of succeeded and failed assertions
// this may be useful for integrating httpexpect with other testing libs
// if desired, you can completely ignore builtin Formatter, Reporter, and Logger
e := httpexpect.WithConfig(httpexpect.Config{
	AssertionHandler: &MyAssertionHandler{},
})

Environment variables

The following environment variables are checked when ColorModeAuto is used:

• FORCE_COLOR - if set to a positive integers, colors are enabled

• NO_COLOR - if set to non-empty string, colors are disabled (see also)

• TERM - if starts with dumb, colors are disabled

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Authors

List of contributors can be found here.

If your name is missing or you want to change its appearance, feel free to submit PR!

License

MIT